Molecular and physiological analysis of drought stress in arabidopsis reveals early responses leading to acclimation in plant growth1cwoa amal harb, arjun krishnan, madana m. Furthermore, differences in drought stress manipulation methods, including duration and intensity of drought treatments, have muddled clear relationships between drought stress and plant n, p and n. Plant productivity under drought stress is strongly related to the processes of dry matter partitioning and temporal biomass distribution kage et al. Wheat is marked by low level of these compatible solutes and the accumulation and mobilization of proline was observed to enhance tolerance to water stress nayyar and walia, 2003. The response of any crop to drought stress depends primarily on the growth stage and wue pareek et al. Growth, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional. Improved methods are needed to facilitate crop management via the prompt detection of the onset of stress. The plants received a single dose of snp, at 1, 10 or 100.
Transcription factors and plants response to drought. In vivo phenotyping for the early detection of drought stress. Mahabub alam 1, kamrun nahar1,2, 3mirza hasanuzzaman and masayuki fujita 1laboratory of plant stress responses, department of applied biological science, faculty of agriculture, kagawa university, mikicho, kitagun, kagawa 7610795, japan. Plant water stress rebecca harbut, kpu small farms workshop, february, 2016 kpu, richmond water stress drought stress is the most significant environmental stress resulting in crop loss agricultural drought lack of adequate moisture for crops to complete normal plant. A more recent study observed a significant decrease in seed yield 7382% per plant in soybean under. Drought or soil water deficit can be chronic in climatic regions with low water availability or random and unpredictable due to changes in weather conditions during the period of plant growth. The plant material was selected considering the high productivity, high aa content, and some different aspects. Although drought impedes the productivity of grain legumes at all growth stages, its occurrence during reproductive and grain development stages terminal drought is more critical and usually results in significant loss in grain yield. The average daily temperature and relative air humidity varied from 24.
Drought stress is the most prevalent environmental factor limiting crop productivity 1, and global climate change is increasing the frequency of severe drought conditions 2. The goal of this study was to examine noncontacting techniques for plant drought stress detection. Nitric oxide reduces oxidative damage induced by water. Plant genetic engineering and molecularmarker approaches allow development of drought tolerant germplasm. The contributions will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers and advanced students in the fields of plant sciences, agriculture, ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. Growth and developmental responses of crop plants under. A comparative study among different brassica species md. Economic yield reduction by drought stress in some representative. Both the chlorophyll a and b are prone to soil dehydration farooq et al.
Drought is a major environmental stress threatening wheat productivity worldwide. Siddique abstract drought is one of the major constraints limiting crop production worldwide. In addition, severe drought stress can lead to crop yield reduction and plant death deeba et al. One of the key physiological phenomena affected by the drought and heat stress in plants is photosynthesis farooq et al. Crop growth models predict that this issue will be more severe in future. In vivo phenotyping for the early detection of drought. Drought stress reduces leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation, disturbs plant water relations and reduces. Inadequate amounts of water can stress plants and cause a multitude of problems. There can even be root damage from drought, which generally leads.
Drought stress in grain legumes during reproduction and grain. The maize production is likely to be affected by a future water crisis. Drought stress in wheat during flowering and grainfilling. For example, reproductive stage is considered critically susceptible to drought stress in various crops moumeni et al.
Diminished biomass due to water stress was observed in almost all. Drought stress drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants. Molecular mechanisms regulating plant s response toward drought stress. Drought stress in plants is characterized by reduced leaf water potential and turgor pressure, stomatal closure, and decreased cell growth and enlargement farooq et al. However, the extent of yield loss depends on the duration and intensity of the stress. Drought is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. In this paper, drought effects on the plants are explained by referring important researches done in the recent. Some important studies have outlined the significant negative impacts of drought stress on growth and development of crop plants table 1. Ambavaram, and andy pereira virginia bioinformatics institute, virginia polytechnic institute and state university, blacksburg, virginia 24061.
Plant adaptation to drought stress pubmed central pmc. Severe water stress was imposed at the late vegetative stage by withholding water initially for 25 d and then extended further to 35 d during kharif season in the years 2014 and 201516. Broader leaves result in better performance of indica rice under drought stress author links open overlay panel m. At day 34, plants were stressed by withholding water for 9 d, at which point the rwc and other physiological indicators in leaves were measured from the third youngest leaf of a minimum of three randomly selected plants per treatment. Drought triggers a wide variety of plant responses, ranging from cellular metabolism to changes in growth rates and crop yields. This is also the case in home or commercial landscapes. Drought stress effects on medicinal and aromatic plants and. Drought is one of the major stress factors affecting the growth and development of plants. Research progress and perspective on drought stress in legumes. Effects of drought stress on plant growth drought stress suppresses cell expansion and cell growth due to the low turgor pressure, therefore, plant growth is seriously. Drought or heat stress produce ros such as o2 and h2o2, can lead to lipid peroxidation and consequently, chlorophyll destruction mirnoff, 1993. Effects of climate change and droughtstress on plant physiology.
In this context, droughtrelated losses of crop plant. In addition, consequences of plant development under high relative air humidity, which reduces the plants ability to respond to water stress, will be discussed. Being a multidimensional stress, it triggers a wide variety of plant responses ranging from physiological, biochemical to molecular levels. Although effects of drought stress on plant n and p have been assessed in many. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of. Nitric oxide reduces oxidative damage induced by water stress in sunflower plants. Therefore, drought causes low nutrient availability in the soil and lower nutrient transport in plants hu et al. Plant water stress kwantlen polytechnic university. Hundreds of drought stress induced genes have been identified and some of these have been cloned. It is basically required by plants for photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and transportation, keeping up turgidity and in addition lowering canopy temperature farooq et al. Effects of climate change and droughtstress on plant. Drought stress imposes a major constraint over a crop yield and can be expected to grow in importance if the climate change predicted comes about. Morphological responses growth drought the initial e. After 11 d of drought stress, all plants showing severe wilting were watered normally.
It is mainly affected due to reduced leaf expansion, improper functioning of the photosynthetic machinery and leaf senescence wahid et al. Broader leaves result in better performance of indica rice. For plant and soil parameters, we used the natural log of the response ratio as a metric of the effect size in the meta. Drought dramatically affects plant growth and crop yield, but previous studies primarily examined responses to drought during vegetative development. Drought is one of the major constraints on agricultural productivity worldwide and is likely to further increase. The rate of rwc in plants with high water stress tolerance is high relative to susceptible plants cultivars. Effects of drought stress on growth, physiology and. During prolonged periods of drought, twigs and branches of trees and shrubs can suffer dieback. As a means of natural adaptation, plants have been equipped with a wide spectrum of physiological. In response to drought, plants evolve stress tolerance mechanisms at morphological, physiological and molecular level farooq et al. Terminal drought and seed priming improves drought tolerance in. Drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants. Various management strategies have been proposed to cope with drought stress. Frontiers chilling and drought stresses in crop plants.
Transgenic plants carrying genes for abiotic stress tolerance are being developed for water stress management. Amongst these abiotic stresses, drought is one of the major factors limiting crop productivity in many parts of the world farooq et al. Plant experiences drought stress either when the water supply to roots becomes difficult or when the transpiration rate. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria pgpr could play a significant role in alleviation of drought stress in plants. Seaweed extract improve drought tolerance of soybean by. Drought stress decreased the plant biomass in asteriscus maritimus rodriguez et al. Identification of drought stress tolerance in wild species. Mechanisms linking drought, hydraulics, carbon metabolism. In another water stress tolerance study in wheat by schonfeld et al.
Plant responses to drought stress from morphological to. Drought stress in grain legumes during reproduction and. Physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress. The effect of drought and salinity on secondary metabolite. The severity and duration of the stress determine the extent of the yield loss. Molecular and physiological analysis of drought stress in. Wild species of oryza offer a wide spectrum of adaptive traits and can serve as potential donors of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Plant drought stress can be managed by adopting strategies such as mass screening and breeding, markerassisted selection, and exogenous application of hormones and osmoprotectants to seeds or growing plants, as well as engineering for drought resistance.
In nature, water is usually the most limiting factor for plant growth. Among the environmental stresses, drought stress is one of the most adverse factors of plant growth and productivity. Severe drought may result in the arrest of photosynthesis and disturbance of metabolism finally leading to the death of plant jaleel et al. Although drought impedes wheat performance at all growth stages, it is more critical during the flowering and grainfilling phases terminal drought and results in substantial yield losses.
Dijkstra2 1shapotou desert research and experiment station, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou, 730000, china. Enhancement of drought stress tolerance in crops by plant. Efforts were centered on confirming the previous findings of the. Physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress in barbados cherry 183 to may, in 2009. Apr 10, 2018 drought stress in plants is characterized by reduced leaf water potential and turgor pressure, stomatal closure, and decreased cell growth and enlargement farooq et al. Drought induced loss in crop yield probably exceeds losses from all other causes, since both the severity and duration of the stress are critical.
Jul 14, 2016 molecular mechanisms regulating plants response toward drought stress. Global climate models predict changed precipitation patterns with frequent episodes of drought. Ectopic expression of dreb transcription factor, atdreb1a. Farooq and ali zohaib and sehrish sadia and wajid nasim and steve w. Plant responses and management options, authorshah fahad and ali ahsan bajwa and usman nazir and shakeel ahmad anjum and ayesha s. Stomatal closure under drought reduces the co 2 availability which makes plant more susceptible to. Drought stress reduces the plant growth by influencing various physiological as well as biochemical functions such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis, nutrient. In this update, i offer a perspective on the mechanisms of drought induced mortality by providing an integrated view of carbon metabolism in relation to stress and mortality, linking carbon metabolism with new evidence on the role of hydraulic failure in. The tolerance score for drought stress was based on the extent of leaf rolling and leaf drying. Decrease in total dry weight was ascribed to significant decrease in plant growth, photosynthesis and canopy structure during drought stress in abelmoschus esculentum sankar et al. Nov 12, 2017 although the biomass proportion of plant structures changed with drought stress, drought had almost no impact on allometric relationship among different parts of plants, indicating that plant biomass allocation patterns in relation to drought stress were better explained by the allometric partitioning theory. A rapid decline in levels of endogenous ga was observed in plants subjected to drought stress, resulting in growth inhibition 46. However, sensitivity of plants to drought depends on a degree and duration of stress, plant.
Transcription factors and plants response to drought stress. Under drought stress conditions plant subjected to different morphological or physiological effects depending on growth stages, timing, longevity, and severity. One of the inevitable consequences of drought stress is an increase in reactive oxygen species ros production in different cellular. Here, we report the use of an in vivo oect organic electrochemical transistor sensor, termed as bioristor, in the context of the drought.
Several adaptations and mitigation strategies are required to cope with drought stress. Abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought and temperature heat and cold have negative effects on plant productivity agarwal et al. The process of accumulation of such solutes under drought stress is known as osmotic adjustment which strongly depends on the rate of plant water stress. Stomatal responses to drought stress and air humidity. The role of ga in regulating grain yield of crop plants is thus an important area that can be further explored. Oct 12, 2012 plant drought stress can be managed by adopting strategies such as mass screening and breeding, markerassisted selection, and exogenous application of hormones and osmoprotectants to seeds or growing plants, as well as engineering for drought resistance. Scarcity of water is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. Although the biomass proportion of plant structures changed with drought stress, drought had almost no impact on allometric relationship among different parts of plants, indicating that plant biomass allocation patterns in relation to drought stress were better explained by the allometric partitioning theory.
Therefore, current studies are mostly focused on the explaining the tolerance mechanisms of highly drought resistant plants and protecting and transforming of the plant genetic sources. The sheer diversity of plant species grown across climatic regions that include extreme dry conditions suggests that, in nature, plants have evolved to endure drought stress with an array of morphological. Drought stress has many adverse effects on plants, such as inhibiting photosynthesis and growth, affecting hormone metabolism and enzyme activity okunlola et al. The harmful impacts of drought stress on overall plant growth and development procedures are of different nature, and can impact germination, emergence.
Crop growth stage yield reduction references barley seed. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the multiple strategies that plants have developed to cope with drought, one of the most severe environmental stresses. Here, to study responses to drought during reproductive development, we grew arabidopsis thaliana plants with limited water, under conditions that allowed the plants to initiate and complete reproduction. Many multinational companies have introduced maize hybrids worldwide which have variable performance under diverse environmental conditions. Influence of drought stress on plant growth and productivity. Stomatal closure under drought reduces the co 2 availability which makes plant more.
The biochemical and molecular responses to drought is essential for a holistic perception of plant resistance mechanism to water limited condition in higher plants. Drought induced loss in crop yield probably exceeds losses from all other causes, since both the severity and duration of the stress. Among these stresses, drought stress is one of the most adverse factors of plant growth and productivity and considered a severe threat for sustainable crop production in the conditions on changing climate. However, so far, the model inversion technique has not yet been applied in plant drought stress detection. Drought is the major abiotic constraint to the rice production in the rainfed areas across asia and subsaharan africa. Usually, the oldest leaves are the first to show symptoms, yellowing, drying and falling off the plant. Jun 30, 2016 ga is suggested to positively regulate plant adaptation to drought stress.
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